Natural Architecture
- Present times - 

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For centuries, man has perfected himself in the art of building and producing new technologies and building materials.
Huge cities, roads, airports were created, industry developed, and people extracted more and more coal, oil and other minerals needed for new inventions.
However, the development of civilization on Earth has led to environmental pollution: air, water and soil.
Currently, many people are working to improve the situation of our planet, including architects who are returning to natural building with the advantages of these houses in mind:
   - energy-efficient: you do not need to heat them excessively in winter or cool them down in summer, they do not use a lot of energy and water,
   - dust does not settle on clay walls, they are antistatic (they do not pick up static),
   - the interiors are quiet, natural materials are a sound insulator, they protect us from electromagnetic radiation (wifi does not work everywhere),
   - maintain a constant level of moisture in the house, the walls "breathe",
   - healthy for allergy sufferers, have a favorable microclimate,
   - fireproof,
   - biodegradable (after being demolished, the Earth will "absorb the house" and will not leave a pile of rubble - garbage).

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Private houses

Many people, having learned about the advantages of clay, straw or hemp concrete houses, decide to build their own house in this technology. Of great importance are construction costs, which are slightly lower than those of a traditional home. Green houses do not need to be heated very much, and energy is not used for air conditioning. Many people collect rainwater, which they use to water their gardens. They install natural domestic sewage treatment plants and renewable energy sources in the form of solar panels or wind turbines.

Poland

a house built of straw cubes on a wooden structure, with clay plaster and a roof covered with reeds

Zdjęcie: © Gaja Connection

Poland

domed house on a wooden structure

The structure was filled with hemp concrete, and the dome was covered with wooden shingles.

Switzerland

Dietikon, dugout houses

Many houses were built in Dietikon, covered with earth, on which shrubs, flowers and grass grow. The houses have recessed terraces, ponds and gardens. The estate is equipped with an underground garage.

Archi0780, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Mexico

residential houses built of dried brick and wood, plastered with pink clay, which was dug out in the construction of houses

Zdjęcie: © Rory Gardiner

Natural buildings for institutions

Institutions (schools, universities, museums, libraries, courts, municipal offices, hotels, hospitals, clinics, science centers), as well as sports buildings (stadiums, tennis courts, swimming pools) are mostly made of concrete, steel is used for construction, and facades are covered with aluminum and glass. Manufacturing and transporting these materials consumes a lot of electricity, heat, gas, and water, and when buildings are ready, they use up a lot of energy again to heat the interior or cool it in hot weather (air conditioning). The entire construction industry is very energy-intensive, requires more and more fuels and building materials manufactured in factories. Our climate is changing, it is getting warmer. Natural materials save energy and water and do not pollute the environment.

Poland

Warsaw, wooden Culture Center in Służewiec

External wide stairs serve as a theater auditorium, energy is provided by the wind, there is also a garden and a goat farm.

Źródło: Służewiecki Dom Kultury - materiały promocyjne

Ukraine

near Dnipropetrovsk, Friend House Hotel

Hotel built with clay, reed and stone.

Źródło: Ryntovt Design, foto: Andrey Avdeenko

Natural industrial buildings

Industrial buildings are huge production halls and smaller office buildings. Traditional halls are usually built as temporary and lightweight steel halls, with sandwich panels (aluminum plate with a thermal insulation layer) on the facades and with light roofs. They can be quickly disassembled and moved to another place. Together with office buildings, they form a complex that takes up a lot of space in a city or village. Designers of industrial complexes try to make such a structure blend in with the landscape. Ecological, energy-efficient buildings are created, equipped with solar panels or wind turbines, using rainwater and "gray" water (water used once). Buildings become "green" when the designer uses natural building materials. Such a building then receives an international certificate (a document confirming the fulfillment of the conditions for a green house) BREEAM - British or LEED - American. 400 buildings in Poland already have such a certificate.

Poland

Olsztyn, airport building

Wood was used to finish the facade and interior.

Foto: © Bartosz Makowski - www.makowski.co

Poland

Zielniki near Środa Wielkopolska, food production complex

The walls and ceiling were made of brick.

Źródło: www.jantexpolska.com

England

a brewery and transport hub

“Green” roof, walls made of hemp concrete, ceiling beams made of glued timber.

Foto: Robert Walker / Adnams Brewery Distribution Centre / CC BY-SA 2.0

Spain

Madrid, Barajas airport

The ceiling of the departure hall is finished with bamboo elements.

Foto: Malaga / CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons